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LANGUAGE! Focus on English Learning Overview
41
Step
Book A
(Units 16)
Book B
(Units 712)
Book C
(Units 1318)
Book D
(Units 1924)
Book E
(Units 2530)
Book F
(Units 3136)
Ph
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· Phonemeandsyllableawareness
· Sound-spellingconventionsforcommon
phoneme/grapheme relationships:
· Shortvowels/a /, / i /, / o /
· Stableconsonants
· Closedsyllables
· Fluency:Letter-sound;letter-name
· Phonemeandsyllableawareness
· Sound-spellingconventionsforcommon
phoneme/grapheme relationships:
· Shortvowels/e /, / u /
· Longvowels--finalsilente pattern
· Consonantdigraphs,blends,clusters
· Syllabletypes:closed;finalsilente
· Phonemesfory, (/ e /, / i /, / iŻ /, based on
position in word
· Syllableawarenessinmultisyllablewords
· Schwa(con'victvs.convict')
· Syllabletypes:closed;r-controlled; open;
final silent e
· Syllabletypes:closed,r-controlled, final silent e;
voweldigraph(longandshort);consonant+le;
diphthong
· Conditionsforschwa
· Syllabicationprocessinmultisyllablewords
· Multiplespellingsforlongvowels
· Expansionofconditionsgoverningschwa
· Sentencepatternsforc and g
· Alternatespellingsforconsonantsounds:
/ j / = j, g, dge; / f / = ph, gh; / s / = sc;
/ k / = ch
· Commonphonograms
· Englishloanwords,Romancelanguages:
i = / e /, a = / o /, e = / aŻ /; African; Asian;
Native American
· Commonphonograms
· r-controlledvowelsounds
· Spellingpatternsfor/air /, / zh /, / sh ...r /, / sh /
· Silentletters:mb, kn, wr, mn, gn, lm, rh, ps
W
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· Read/spell:newsound-spellingcorrespondences
· Read/spell:36newhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Spelling:Doubling Rule
· Syllabicationpatterns
· Read/spell:wordsbasedonnewsound-
spelling correspondences
· Read/spell36newhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Contractionswithnot, would, and will
· Spelling:Drop "e" Rule
· Syllabicationpatterns
· Commonabbreviations
· Read/spell:wordsbasedonnewsound-spelling
correspondences
· Read/spell36newhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Syllabicationprocessformultisyllablewords
· Contractionswithbe and have
· Spelling:Change "y" Rule
· Read/spell:wordsbasedonnewsyllablepatterns
· Read/spellnewhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Spelling:Advanced Doubling Rule
· Suffixation:pronunciation;spelling;word
function impact
· Read/spell:wordsbasedonnewsound-spellings
and phonograms
· Read/spellnewhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Spelling:reviewandapplyallrules
· Read/spell:wordsbasedonnewsound-spellings
and phonograms
· Read/spellnewhighfrequencywords
· Fluency:wordrecognition
· Spelling:reviewandapplyallrules
· LatinandGreeknumberprefixes
V
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M
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· Antonyms,synonyms,andattributes
· Multiplemeanings,multipleuses
· Definitiondevelopmentusingcategories
and attributes
· Compoundwords
· Inflectionalforms:nounendings:number(-s),
singular possessions (`s);verbendings:present
tense (-s),progressiveform(-ing)
· Idiomaticexpressions
· Antonyms,synonyms,attributes,and
homophones
· Definitiondevelopmentusingcategories
and attributes
· Inflectionalforms:nounendings:plural(-es);
plural possession (s');verbendings:present
(-es);past(-ed)
· Idiomaticandcommonexpressions
· Antonyms,synonyms,attributes,homophones,
and analogies
· Number:pluralnouns
· Prefixes:mostcommonformeaningexpansion
of base words
· Adjectiveendings:comparative(-er)and
superlative (-est)
· Idiomaticandcommonexpressions
· Antonyms,synonyms,attributes,homophones,
and analogies
· VocabularyexpansionthroughLatinroots,prefixes,
and suffixes
· Prefixassimilation
· Suffiximpactonpartofspeech
· Useofdictionaryandthesaurus
· Degreesofwordmeaning
· Idiomaticandcommonexpressions
· Antonyms,synonyms,attributes,homophones,
and analogies
· VocabularyexpansionthroughLatinroots,prefixes,
and suffixes
· Suffiximpactonpartofspeech;spellingrules
· Multiplemeanings:usingcontext
· Useofdictionaryandthesaurus
· Degreesofwordmeaning
· Idiomaticandcommonexpressions
· Antonyms,synonyms,attributes,homophones,
and analogies
· VocabularyexpansionthroughLatinroots,prefixes,
and suffixes; Greek combining forms
· Suffiximpactonpartofspeech;spellingrules
· Multiplemeanings:usingcontext
· Useofdictionaryandthesaurus
· Degreesofwordmeaning
· Idiomaticandcommonexpressions
G
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e
· Grammaticalforms:nouns,pronouns(subject
(nominative,object),verbs(action,tense,be,
presentprogressiveform),adverbs,
adjectives, prepositions
· Grammaticalfunctions:subject;predicate;direct
object; object of preposition
· Noun/verbagreement
· Sentencepattern:simple
· Mechanics:capitalsandendpunctuation;
apostrophe
· Grammaticalforms:pronouns(possessive),
conjunctions,verbs(irregular)
· Verbtense:present;past;future;
progressive forms
· Grammaticalfunctions:completesubject;
complete predicate; direct object; compound
sentence parts: subject, verb, direct object
· Sentencepatterns:simple,compound
(and, but)
· Subject/verbagreement
· Mechanics:commas
· Grammaticalforms:verbs(helping,main),
adjectives (comparative/superlative, present and
pastparticiples),adverbs(-ly)
· Grammatical functions: complete subject; direct
object, object of preposition, indirect object,
appositive; complete predicate
· Sentencepatterns:compoundsentences(or);
compound sentence parts: subject, adjectives,
adverbs, prepositional phrases, predicates
· Text-basedanalysisandapplicationof
grammatical forms and functions
· Mechanics:commaswithappositives,indates,
in addresses
· Grammaticalforms:verbs(helping,linking,irregular);
phrasalverbs;participles(present,past);indefinite
pronouns
· Grammaticalfunctions:subject/verbagreement;
indirect object; compound indirect objects
· Sentencepatterns:predicatenominative,predicate
adjective
· Text-basedanalysisandapplicationofgrammatical
forms and functions
· Mechanics:commasinseries,indates,inaddresses;
quotation marks; colons, semicolons
· Grammaticalforms:relativepronouns;subordinating
conjunctions; irregular verbs; past participles;
perfect tense
· Grammaticalfunctions:subject/verbagreement
· Clauses:independent;adjectivalclauses(relative
pronouns)andadverbialclauses(subordinating
conjunctions)
· Sentencepattern:complex
· Sentencetypes:declarative,interrogative,
imperative, exclamatory
· Usage:confusingwordpairs
· Mechanics:colon
· Grammaticalforms:irregularverbs;
participial phrases
· Grammaticalfunctions:orderofadjectives;
pronoun antecedents
· Sentencepatterns:simple;compound;complex;
compound/complex
· Textcoherencewithtransitionalwordsandphrases
· Usage:confusingwordpairs
L
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· Fluency:sentences
· Vocabulary:context-basedstrategies
· Textfeaturesforcontentpreview
· Fluency:sentences
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Textstructure:mainideasandsupporting
details in informational text
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Comprehension:interpretationandresponse
questions to open-ended questions: who, what,
when, where, why, how; multiple
choice questions
· Fluency:passages
· Vocabulary:context-basedstrategies
· Textfeaturesforcontentpreview
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Textstructure:informational
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Higher-orderthinking:retrieveandrecall
(remember);constructmeaning(understand)
· Summarizationofmainideasfromtextselection
· Fluency:passages
· Vocabulary:context-basedstrategies
· Textfeaturesforcontentpreview
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Higher-orderthinking:useinformation(apply);
breakdowninformation(analyze)
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Literarytermsanddevicesintext
· Textstructure:informational
· Summarizationofmainideasfromtextselection
· Fluency:passages
· Vocabulary:content-basedstrategies
· Interpettextfeatures(charts,graphics)for
information and comprehension
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Higher-orderthinking:judgeinformationagainst
criteria(evaluate);putinformationtogetherinanew
way(create)
· Literarytermsanddevicesincontext
· Textstructure:plot
· Summarizationofmainideasfromtextselection
· Fluencypassages
· Vocabulary:context-basedstrategies
· Interpettextfeatures(charts,graphics)for
information and comprehension
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Higher-orderthinking:applicationofalllevels
· Literarytermsanddevicesincontext
· Textstructure:informational,fiction,
persuasive essay
· Elementsofpoetry
· Fluency:passages
· Vocabulary:context-basedstrategies
· Interpettextfeatures(charts,graphics)for
information and comprehension
· Activateandbuildknowledge
· Read(andlistento)variedgenreselections
· Higher-orderthinking:applicationofalllevels
· Literarytermsanddevicesincontext
· Textstructure:narrative,report,play
· Elementsofpoetry
· Metacognitionandcomprehension:sampling,
predicting; confirming in challenging text
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· Oralandwrittenresponsestowho, what, when,
where, why, and how questions
· Fluency:sentencedevelopment
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection;
organization using graphic organizers
· Write:summaryparagraph;expositoryparagraph
including topic sentence, supporting details,
elaborations
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Oralpresentation
· Writtenresponsesbasedonhigher-order
thinking skills: remember; understand
· Fluency:sentencedevelopment
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection;graphic
organizers for reports, personal narratives,
compare/contrast report
· Writemulti-paragraphexpositoryreport;
personal narrative; compare/contrast report
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Oralpresentation
· Writtenresponsesbasedonhigher-order
thinking skills: apply; analyze
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection;
organization using informal outlines
· Write:multi-paragraphreport;expository
(opinion)essay;expository(explanatory)essay;
business letter
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Oralpresentation
· Writtenresponsesbasedonhigher-orderthinking
skills: evaluate; create
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection(note-taking)
organization using graphic organizers for reasons;
persuasion; personal narrative; and outlining
· Write:expository(explanatory)paragraph,essay:
expository(descriptive)paragraph:literary
analysisessay,narrative(shortstory)
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Debates,speeches,interviews
· Writtenresponsesbasedonhigher-orderthinking
skills: all levels
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection(note-
taking)organizationusinggraphicorganizers
(comparison-contrast,narrative)andoutlining
· Write:personalnarrative;descriptiveessay;
persuasive essay; autobiographical essay
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Multimediapresentation
· Poetryrecitations,debates
· Writtenresponsesbasedonhigher-orderthinking
skills: all levels
· Pre-write:setpurpose,contentselection(note-
taking),organizationusinggraphicorganizers
(narrative)andoutlining(report);organize
information across sources
· Write:literaryanalysisessay;informationalreport;
persuasive essay; personal essay
· Editandreviseskillsforcoherenceandcontent
· Multimediapresentation
Entry Point Book E